Agent Framework
CrewAI
CrewAI's MIT-licensed Python framework builds crews of role-based agents inside event-driven flows, on models from any vendor. CrewAI AMP deploys, traces, and governs them, free for 50 executions a month and custom-priced on Enterprise.
The 30-Second Take
Pick CrewAI if your agent work maps to specialist roles and you want it running quickly in Python.
The MIT-licensed framework forms crews of role-based agents inside event-driven Flows, on models from any vendor. PwC reports gains in CrewAI's own case study, while EpicStaff deleted its vendored copy in September 2026.
- Best fit
- Multi-agent workflows that map to specialist roles, such as research, analysis, and drafting pipelines, built in Python.
- Main constraint
- Builders report tools that rerun on retry, token counts that disagree with the bill, and coarse control once workflows grow; its ChromaDB dependency carries a critical advisory.
- First move
- Put one crew inside a Flow, make its side-effecting tools idempotent, and compare its token counts with the provider's bill.
Why
Watch the loose ends: builders report tools that rerun on retry and token counts that disagree with the bill. Every release also requires a ChromaDB version that a critical advisory covers.
30 practitioners, 69 sources reviewed, Updated Oct 30, 2026How this is measured
- Operating stack
- AI Application Platform
Comparisons
How does CrewAI compare with the alternatives?
CrewAI vs OpenAI Agents SDK
- Agent Frameworks
No named team on record runs both. Pick CrewAI for role-based crews on any vendor's models with a managed platform, as PwC and Gelato describe; pick the OpenAI Agents SDK for a small loop on OpenAI models whose traces feed your evals, as Harvey's do.
CrewAI vs LangGraph
- Agent Frameworks
CrewAI starts from role-based crews inside event-driven flows, with a managed visual builder. LangGraph has your team write down every step and transition, with state checkpointed between them. Both are MIT-licensed Python frameworks for multi-step agents.
Operator Insights
What are teams learning from building on CrewAI and running it in production?
Jacob WilsonQuoted in CrewAI's case studyPwC
PwC's enterprise GenAI work, re-engineering software delivery workflows for consultants.
CrewAI customer story, published Read the write-up (opens CrewAI customer story in a new tab)
Observation
PwC uses CrewAI agents to generate and validate code in a proprietary language and to draft long specifications, and reports code-generation accuracy rising from 10% to 70%.
- Takeaway
- Ask for the evaluation set behind a vendor's accuracy figure, and track agent choices and run times from day one so your own numbers can stand up.
- What happened
- CrewAI's undated case study, read Oct 28, 2026, says PwC re-engineered its software delivery workflows with CrewAI agents that generate, run and validate proprietary-language code, and embedded agents to draft functional and technical specifications with consultant feedback. CrewAI's monitoring tracked agent choices, run times and accuracy for leadership dashboards, and the case study reports code-generation accuracy rising from 10% to 70%. It does not say how the accuracy was measured.
“Crew-powered agents boosted code-generation accuracy from 10% to 70%, slashed turnaround time on complex documents, and supplied granular data to prove ROI.”
CrewAI case study, on PwC - Vendor customer story (CrewAI case study, undated, read Oct 28, 2026)
- Team metrics reported
Deployment details
PwC's enterprise GenAI work, re-engineering software delivery workflows for consultants.
- Vendor customer story (CrewAI case study, undated, read Oct 28, 2026)
- Team metrics reported
- Team
- PwC consultants and engineers
- Workload
- Proprietary-language code generation and specification drafting
- Product version
- CrewAI agents with CrewAI's monitoring
In SignalsNot counted. A vendor case study on CrewAI's own site, so GILD does not count it as a Signals source.
Vitalii Povoroznyk (VitaliiPovoroznykHYS)Contributor (pull request author)EpicStaff
EpicStaff, a source-available, self-hosted platform for building agent flows in a visual editor over a Django backend, which had carried CrewAI inside its own code.
GitHub, EpicStaff/EpicStaff, published Read the write-up (opens GitHub, EpicStaff/EpicStaff in a new tab)
Observation
EpicStaff dropped CrewAI from its self-hosted agent platform, deleting its vendored copies of CrewAI and mem0 in one change of 180,251 lines.
- Takeaway
- Vendoring a framework buys control at the cost of carrying it. Once a platform has its own agent model, budget for removing the framework, and keep CrewAI behind an interface you can replace.
- What happened
- Pull request #768, opened Aug 20, 2026 and merged Sep 4, 2026, removed the CrewAI library as an EpicStaff dependency. It deleted the vendored CrewAI and mem0 libraries, 180,251 lines across 1,403 files, and replaced the old project and crew screens with agent definitions. EpicStaff builds its own agent-flow platform, an alternative to CrewAI's.
- Public engineering write-up (GitHub pull request)
- Team metrics reported
Deployment details
EpicStaff, a source-available, self-hosted platform for building agent flows in a visual editor over a Django backend, which had carried CrewAI inside its own code.
- Public engineering write-up (GitHub pull request)
- Team metrics reported
- Team
- EpicStaff platform engineers
- Workload
- Agent flows built in EpicStaff's visual editor
- Product version
- A vendored copy of CrewAI inside EpicStaff
- Measurement
- 180,251 lines deleted across 1,403 files
In SignalsNot counted. EpicStaff builds a competing agent platform, so its pull request is listed in Signals and not counted.
Buying and deployment
What a team building on it should verify before production traffic grows.
Sourced from CrewAI documentation
Signals
What is the current evidence saying about CrewAI?
Builders praise how fast a CrewAI crew comes together and file most of the defects, while EpicStaff, Browserbase and Headroom removed CrewAI from their code in 2026. Each finding links to its public source.
Practitioner sentiment, all practitioners
−7 Mixed net
of 30 sources that take a side, each author counted once.
How this figure is madeTeams and leaders have 4 accounts; GILD prints their sentiment from 20.
Current sentiment
Positive, mixed and negative sources
Speed to a first working crew is the most consistent praise. Runtime defects draw the most concerns, followed by control over what agents do once workflows grow and by defaults and dependencies, where every release now requires a ChromaDB version under a critical advisory.
Build one pilot agent to measure the glue code and debugging time the framework adds.
Evidence field. All 69 sources, one mark each.
Arrange by
Each mark is one source: positive, mixed, negative, no opinion stated, or documentation (not counted).
| Group | Sources | Positive | Mixed | Negative | No opinion stated and not counted in the score | Documentation, checked and not counted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Negative | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Not counted | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Documentation | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Quarter | Sources |
|---|---|
| Q1 2025 | 1 |
| Q2 2025 | 4 |
| Q3 2025 | 2 |
| Q4 2025 | 4 |
| Q1 2026 | 7 |
| Q2 2026 | 8 |
| Q3 2026 | 20 |
| Q4 2026 | 9 |
| Documentation, checked | 14 |
By sentiment
14 documentation pages check facts and are not counted.
Hover a mark for a quick look, click it or press Enter to open its source.Tap a mark to open its source, then step to its neighbors with Previous and Next.
What practitioners praise
Top praise of 2. Each mark is a source on it; filled marks praise it.
Most common concerns
Top concern of 5. Each mark is a source on it; filled marks raise it.
All 69 sources behind these findings
- CrewAI introductionCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- FlowsCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CheckpointingCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- LLMsCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- MemoryCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- TelemetryCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- Human feedback in FlowsCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI pricingCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI AMP introductionCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- Flow HITL ManagementCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI on GitHubCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI source: pyproject.toml dependenciesCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI source: constants.py default modelCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- CrewAI releases on GitHubCrewAI (Official CrewAI documentation, pricing, and repository pages), Product documentation, checked Oct 28, 2026
- Two agents set up at the same time can fail with RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iterationYifan Xiong (yifanxiong272), GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Flows instantiated concurrently in one process), GitHub issue, published Oct 28, 2026
- A failed task can be skipped after checkpoint restore because its output remains setssshr-66, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Checkpoints triggered on task failure), GitHub issue, published Oct 28, 2026
- [chore]: rm crewai integrationSean McGuire, Browserbase (pull request author) (self-described: Stagehand, Browserbase's browser automation framework, and its integrations), GitHub pull request, published Oct 27, 2026
- Bedrock prompt_tokens excludes cache reads and writes, unlike other native providersr14dd, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Comparing token counts across CrewAI's native providers), GitHub issue, published Oct 26, 2026
- Post on once, an idempotency library for agent tool callsfrogscooper, AI engineer posting on X (self-described: Built a library that runs each agent tool call at most once per key), Post on X, published Oct 25, 2026
- UploadCache sync wrappers deadlock 30s inside a running event loopWilson0511, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: File uploads from async apps and Jupyter on crewai-files 1.15.30), GitHub issue, published Oct 24, 2026
- I built an open-source app where LLM agents debate a stock before a manager agent decides the tradekingabzpro, Reddit poster in r/AI_Agents (self-described: BetterTradingAgents, an open-source stock research app on FastAPI and CrewAI), Reddit post, published Oct 24, 2026
- Post on building a research and writing crewEmmanuel Chukwu (Emagzimus), builder posting on X (self-described: A research agent and a content agent that draft blog posts), Post on X, published Oct 8, 2026
- Agentic AI Frameworks Compared 2026: LangGraph WinsShaam (shaam_ai), dev.to author (self-described: Scoring five agent frameworks on control, license and production use), dev.to post, published Oct 2, 2026
- deps!: drop the crewai extra to remove chromadb from the lockfileTejas Chopra, Headroom maintainer (pull request author) (self-described: Headroom, an open-source project with a CrewAI tool adapter), GitHub pull request, published Sep 30, 2026
- Ran one build on eight agent platforms. Two finished.yiddo_bhushan, operations at Shogo, one of the eight platforms tested (self-described: One document question-and-answer job run on eight agent platforms by a non-developer), Reddit post, published Sep 25, 2026
- [BUG] GPT-6 Astra agents with tools fail on Bedrock's OpenAI-compatible API because the retry sends reasoning_effort 'none'Lucas Kim, AI/ML engineer and consultant whose GitHub profile lists AWS (self-described: CrewAI agents with tools on GPT-6 Astra, GPT-6 Sol, and GPT-6 Luna through Bedrock's OpenAI-compatible endpoints), GitHub issue, published Sep 24, 2026
- Comment on: LangGraph or CrewAI for agent handoffsApart-Currency7380, Reddit commenter in r/LangChain (self-described: Choosing a framework where handoffs between agents were the pain point), Reddit comment, published Sep 22, 2026
- I built the same agent in Strands, LangGraph, and CrewAI and recorded every LLM callsunnydachs, developer writing on dev.to (self-described: 27 recorded runs of one agent across three frameworks), Personal blog post, dev.to, published Sep 21, 2026
- LangGraph vs CrewAI vs OpenAI Agents SDK: Picking Your Agent Framework in 2026jamilxt, dev.to author (self-described: A researched comparison of three agent frameworks, built from documentation and published reports), dev.to post, published Sep 15, 2026
- ToolUsage retries a failed tool call twice per outer attempt, not oncegiskard09, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Counting retries on failing tool calls), GitHub issue, published Sep 14, 2026
- LanceDBStorage.delete() ignores scope/older_than filters and causes accidental mass deletionRohit Kanithi (Rohitkanithi), GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Scoped, multi-tenant memory on the default LanceDB store), GitHub issue, published Sep 12, 2026
- Comment on: An Accidental Blackboardwindexh8er, Hacker News commenter (self-described: About two years of watching agents collaborate in CrewAI), Hacker News comment, published Sep 9, 2026
- Memoized CrewBase methods retain per-instance Agent/Task/Crew in global cachesuqinghen, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: A new crew instance created per request in a service), GitHub issue, published Sep 8, 2026
- Post on graph engineering in production multi-agent buildsCarlos Matias Baglieri, founder of FACTA (self-described: Production multi-agent builds on CrewAI, LangGraph, and Agno), Post on X, published Sep 6, 2026
- crew.usage_metrics multiplies token usage by the number of agents sharing an LLM instanceparthiban-sivakumar, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Several agents sharing one LLM object), GitHub issue, published Sep 4, 2026
- I delegated a review in CrewAI. The reviewer ran an export tool the orchestrator never had.Rafael Asor, author of the attenu-guard tool-gating library (self-described: Delegation test on crewai 1.15.18 with a scripted LLM and recorded tool calls), Personal blog post, dev.to, published Sep 3, 2026
- Agent.kickoff_async guardrail retry calls sync invoke inside event loopJucelio Quentino (jquentino-ambev), engineer at AB InBev filing an issue (self-described: Agents run with kickoff_async and output guardrails), GitHub issue, published Sep 3, 2026
- refactor: delete vendored CrewAi and mem0 librariesVitalii Povoroznyk, EpicStaff contributor (pull request author) (self-described: EpicStaff, a self-hosted platform for building agent flows over a Django backend, removing CrewAI from its own code), GitHub pull request, published Aug 20, 2026
- Truncated responses are detected in the Bedrock provider onlyJoaquin DG (JoaquinDG), GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Reproduced against crewai 1.15.16 across native providers), GitHub issue, published Aug 17, 2026
- AI Agent Frameworks Compared 2026: LangGraph vs CrewAI vs OpenAI SDKJangwook Kim, dev.to author (self-described: Comparing six agent frameworks for production), dev.to post, published Aug 9, 2026
- CrewAI's quadratic context problem: why a 5-agent crew costs 6x more than you expectwartzarbee, developer writing a cost-audit series on dev.to (self-described: Token cost of a sequential five-agent crew with default context passing), Personal blog post, dev.to, published Jul 26, 2026
- Why I'm Betting on CrewAI for Multi-Agent Orchestration (And Where It Falls Short)ashg2099, developer writing on dev.to (self-described: Technical review of CrewAI for research and content pipelines), Personal blog post, dev.to, published Jul 8, 2026
- Remove crewai to fix CRITICAL chromadb vulnerabilityChisanan232, ai-agent-assembly maintainer (pull request author) (self-described: Framework smoke tests for ai-agent-assembly's end-to-end suite), GitHub pull request, published Jul 7, 2026
- Tool exceptions are caught and replaced with generic error messagesThomas Connally (tcconnally), GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Debugging failed tool calls), GitHub issue, published Jun 20, 2026
- Comment on: Show HN, RiskKernel, kill -9 an AI agent and resume it without paying twicestockanalyst987, Hacker News commenter (self-described: An agentic system built on CrewAI), Hacker News comment, published Jun 10, 2026
- Comment on: building agent workflows across coding agentsmatbanik, Hacker News commenter (self-described: Runs agent workflows for business on the API and on subscriptions for personal work), Hacker News comment, published Jun 1, 2026
- input_files (PDFFile) are passed as base64 via read_file tool, causing context overflowaxelgbl, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Crews that take PDF inputs), GitHub issue, published May 26, 2026
- cache_breakpoint injected into messages for non-Anthropic providersHamza-BinRiaz, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Agents on Groq and OpenAI-compatible endpoints), GitHub issue, published May 21, 2026
- Tool re-execution on task retry has no idempotency guardazender1, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Tools that call payment, email, or trading APIs), GitHub issue, published May 14, 2026
- Comment on: How many products does Microsoft have named 'Copilot'?dsteel, Hacker News commenter whose team runs 14 AI agents (self-described: A team running 14 AI agents), Hacker News comment, published Apr 5, 2026
- Comment on: Show HN, I tested 11 AI frameworks for basic securityAcacian, Hacker News commenter and author of the aegis guardrail library (self-described: Reviewed 11 frameworks for injection detection, PII masking, and audit trails), Hacker News comment, published Apr 2, 2026
- Comment on: Tell HN, Litellm 1.82.7 and 1.82.8 on PyPI are compromisedeoskx, Hacker News commenter (self-described: Dependency exposure of agent frameworks during the March 2026 LiteLLM compromise), Hacker News comment, published Mar 24, 2026
- Comment on: Tell HN, Litellm 1.82.7 and 1.82.8 on PyPI are compromisedmathis-l, Hacker News commenter (self-described: CrewAI's response to the March 2026 LiteLLM 1.82.7 and 1.82.8 compromise), Hacker News comment, published Mar 24, 2026
- One Chat App, 4 AI Frameworks ComparedKacper Wlodarczyk, AI engineer at Vstorm (self-described: The same FastAPI and Next.js chat app built on Pydantic AI, LangChain, LangGraph, and CrewAI), Company engineering blog, published Mar 13, 2026
- Why Checkpoints Aren't Durable Execution: LangGraph, CrewAI, Google ADK, and OthersYaron Schneider, CTO and co-founder of Diagrid, which sells a durable workflow runtime (self-described: Recovery of multi-step agent workflows after a process crash), Company engineering blog, published Feb 25, 2026
- Comment on: Does anyone use CrewAI or LangChain anymore?obiefernandez, Hacker News commenter (self-described: Reply to a February 2026 thread asking who still uses CrewAI or LangChain), Hacker News comment, published Feb 24, 2026
- Comment on: Show HN, Intellistant, a C++ alternative to LangChain for AI agentspooriayousefi, author of Intellistant, a C++ multi-agent framework (self-described: Long-running agent workflows on local LLMs), Hacker News comment, published Jan 6, 2026
- Token tracking race condition in threading-based async_executionDevasy, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Tasks with async_execution=True on one agent), GitHub issue, published Jan 3, 2026
- Comment on: Critical vulnerability in LangChain, CVE-2025-68664alzoid, Hacker News commenter (self-described: Evaluated LangChain, AG2, Google's offerings, CrewAI, and Microsoft's frameworks), Hacker News comment, published Dec 26, 2025
- Comment on: I added native time awareness to CrewAI to fix LLM date hallucinationssherwin27, Hacker News commenter who contributed tools to CrewAI (self-described: AI agents in production that hallucinated the current date), Hacker News comment, published Dec 14, 2025
- Pydantic AI with Samuel ColvinSamuel Colvin, founder of Pydantic (self-described: Choosing a framework for AI features in Pydantic's Logfire before building Pydantic AI), Podcast episode (Software Engineering Daily), published Dec 4, 2025
- How can disable tracing prompt?IbrahimCanKALYA, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Crews run repeatedly from a script), GitHub issue, published Oct 24, 2025
- Comment on: Ask HN, what are you working on (September 2025)?mahdiyar, Hacker News commenter building tinyAgent (self-described: A year of trying agent frameworks before writing a small framework of their own), Hacker News comment, published Sep 25, 2025
- Agent does not actually invoke tools, only simulates tool usage with fabricated outputredvelvets, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Custom LLM with a web search tool and Phoenix memory), GitHub issue, published Jul 14, 2025
- Even though I turned off the telemetry feature, telemetry is still being sentfzozyurt, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Crew created with crewai create, telemetry disabled in main.py), GitHub issue, published Jun 3, 2025
- Tool Called Multiple Times in CrewAI v0.121.0DipakBundheliya, GitHub user filing an issue (self-described: Agent with one tool that worked on 0.120.0), GitHub issue, published May 22, 2025
- Comment on: Show HN, Cleverb.ee, an open-source agent that writes a cited research reportnickwatson, Hacker News commenter building a research tool (self-described: Multi-agent research tool with critique and fact-check roles), Hacker News comment, published May 3, 2025
- CrewAI, Technology Radar (Assess)Thoughtworks, Technology Radar volume 32 (self-described: Thoughtworks teams using CrewAI on client production problems), Company technology publication, published Apr 2, 2025
- Comment on: Ask HN, open-source AI agents building platform?dabe19, Hacker News commenter (self-described: Local RAG setup on a personal PC with an RTX 3060, ChromaDB, and Ollama models), Hacker News comment, published Jan 8, 2025
Jan 2025 to Oct 2026.
55 sources from practitioners, by month and sentiment.
Where It Fits
Where does CrewAI belong in the stack?
CrewAI is Core across Build, supports Data and Operate, and touches Model and Evaluate.
- Business area
- Product & Engineering
- Function
- Software Development
- Operating stack
- AI Application Platform
- Primary role
- Multi-Agent Framework
Model
Model APIs: Touches
Model APIs, touches. Agents call models as provider/model-id through native SDKs for OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Bedrock, and Snowflake Cortex, with the team's own API keys; model access stays with those platforms.
Model gateway: Touches
Model gateway, touches. Every provider without a native integration runs through LiteLLM, and each agent can name its own model; routing, fallbacks, and spend limits across providers stay with a gateway.
Build
Orchestration: Core
Orchestration, core. This is CrewAI's primary role: Crews of agents with roles, goals, and tools run tasks, and Flows add start, listen, and router steps, @persist state, checkpoints, and @human_feedback review, in Python 3.10 to 3.13.
Tool use: Supports
Tool use, supports. Agents use built-in and custom tools and MCP servers, and AMP adds connectors for Slack, Gmail, Salesforce, Jira, and other apps with triggers; the systems those tools reach stay with the team.
Data
Retrieval: Supports
Retrieval, supports. memory=True gives a crew shared memory stored in LanceDB and embedded with OpenAI text-embedding-3-large by default; indexing company data at scale stays with a retrieval product.
Evaluate
Evaluation: Touches
Evaluation, touches. AMP lists LLM testing, training, and a hallucination guardrail; datasets, graders, and experiments stay with an evaluation tool such as Braintrust or Arize, which integrate with CrewAI.
Operate
Observability: Supports
Observability, supports. AMP traces every crew and flow execution and exports traces and logs to your own OpenTelemetry collector or Datadog; the library also works with Langfuse, Arize Phoenix, and Braintrust.
Cloud deployment: Supports
Cloud deployment, supports. AMP deploys crews and flows from GitHub to managed infrastructure with automatic scaling, and Enterprise runs on CrewAI cloud, a dedicated VPC, or your own infrastructure; Basic caps runs at 50 executions a month.
Guardrails: Supports
Guardrails, supports. CrewAI task guardrails validate and transform task outputs before they reach the next task. Failed validation triggers the configured retry limit.
Market mapThe layers CrewAI covers, and who else owns each one.
Orchestration & agent frameworks
Tool use & integrations
Retrieval & grounding
Observability & tracing
Cloud deployment & capacity
4 more layers on the full map. Core, Supports and Touches describe coverage. They say nothing about quality.
Models
Which models run in CrewAI?
The current releases GILD tracks that public sources record running in CrewAI. Each model's page charts its public benchmark scores.

